A marriage-based green card allows spouses to reunite in the U.S. Learn about the process, requirements, and how legal help can make a difference.
Marriage is more than just a legal bond—it’s a commitment to building a future together. When one spouse isn’t a U.S. citizen or permanent resident, gaining lawful status becomes a critical step in that journey. A marriage-based Green Card lets the foreign spouse live and work in the United States and provides a path to citizenship.
The immigration process demands careful attention to forms, documents, and interviews. In this article, learn about eligibility requirements, ways to prove a bona fide marriage, and the steps to secure legal residency. See how an immigration attorney can help couples avoid common pitfalls and confidently move forward.

Who Qualifies For A Spousal Green Card?
Before applying, you must confirm whether you meet the eligibility requirements. The process differs slightly depending on whether you’re married to a U.S. citizen or a Green Card holder. Understanding these differences can help you prepare the proper documents and avoid unnecessary delays.
Spouse Of A U.S. Citizen
If you’re married to a U.S. citizen, you are under the immediate relative category, which means there are no yearly limits on the number of Green Cards available. This category has a much shorter processing time than other family-based immigration petitions.
To qualify, you must be legally married to a U.S. citizen and show that your relationship is real. U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) looks for proof of shared finances and living arrangements. You can apply in the U.S. or through a consulate if you meet the requirements. Your location and immigration history determine which process to use.
Spouse Of A Green Card Holder
If your spouse is a Green Card holder or lawful permanent resident (LPR), your application will be processed under the F2A visa category, subject to annual limits. You may have to wait for a visa number to become available before moving forward with your Green Card application.
To qualify, you must be legally married to a Green Card holder and prove your marriage is genuine. Unlike spouses of U.S. citizens, you may need to wait for a visa number before applying. Once available, you can use it from within the U.S. or through a U.S. consulate abroad. Your current location will determine which process to follow.
Once you confirm eligibility, the next step is to start the application process. Filing the proper forms and providing correct documentation will help avoid delays. Understanding each stage can smoothen the process and increase your chances of approval.
What Are The Steps To Apply For A Green Card?
The Green Card application process depends on whether the foreign spouse lives in the U.S. or abroad. Each condition follows a different path, but both require filing key forms, submitting evidence, and completing an interview. Below are the two main ways a spouse can apply for permanent residency.
Adjustment Of Status
If the foreign spouse is already in the U.S. on a valid visa, they can apply for a Green Card without leaving the country. This process, called Adjustment of Status, requires filing Form I-485 or Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status with USCIS. Key steps in this process include:
- Submit Form I-485 with supporting documents, including proof of lawful entry and evidence of a real marriage.
- Attend a biometrics appointment to provide fingerprints and undergo background checks.
- Meet with a USCIS officer for an interview, where both spouses answer questions about their relationship.
- Receive the Green Card in the mail after approval.
Those who can apply for Adjustment of Status often prefer this option because it allows them to stay in the U.S. while waiting for approval. While the case is pending, they can also request a work permit (EAD) and travel authorization (Advance Parole).
Consular Processing
If the foreign spouse lives outside the U.S., they must apply for a Green Card through consular processing. It requires obtaining a family-based immigrant visa at a U.S. consulate or embassy in their home country. Some of the stages of this involve:
- After USCIS approves Form I-130 or Petition for Alien Relative, the National Visa Center (NVC) will process the case.
- The NVC requests additional forms, financial documents, and civil records before scheduling an interview.
- The foreign spouse attends the interview at the U.S. consulate, where a consular officer reviews the case and asks questions about the relationship.
- Upon approval, the spouse receives an immigrant visa and can travel to the U.S. After arriving, they can obtain their Green Card.
Consular processing usually takes longer than Adjustment of Status, but this is the process for spouses outside the U.S. Regardless of the application method, USCIS reviews each case closely to verify the relationship. Couples must submit strong evidence to prove their marriage and avoid delays or denials.
How Do You Prove A Real Relationship?
One of the biggest challenges in this process is proving that the marriage is real. USCIS carefully reviews applications to prevent fraudulent marriages. Providing strong evidence of your relationship is necessary for approval. Here are some examples of supporting documentation:
- Financial Ties: Joint bank account statements show how couples manage their finances together.
- Shared Living Arrangements: Lease or mortgage agreements confirm that both spouses live at the same address.
- Taxes: Jointly filed tax returns demonstrate legal and financial commitment as a married couple.
- Photographs: Photos from vacations, holidays, and daily life help show the relationship’s history.
- Personal Communication: Text messages, emails, or letters show ongoing interaction and emotional connection.
- Affidavits from Family and Friends: Statements from loved ones provide a personal perspective on the relationship.
The more documentation you provide, the stronger your case will be. USCIS wants proof that your relationship is real before approving a Green Card. Along with proving your marriage, you must complete other critical steps, such as medical exams and background checks.
What Other Requirements To Complete?
Beyond proving a real marriage, spouses must complete other steps before receiving a Green Card. USCIS checks health records, fingerprints, and background history. Properly completing these steps helps prevent delays.
Medical Examination
A USCIS-approved doctor checks for infectious diseases and missing vaccinations. After the exam, the doctor seals the results in an official report. USCIS reviews this report before making a final decision.
Biometrics Appointment
USCIS collects fingerprints, photos, and signatures at the biometrics appointment. These details help confirm identity and run security checks. Skipping this step can cause processing delays.
Interview Preparation
The Green Card interview tests how well a couple knows each other and their shared life. Officers look for honesty, consistency, and proof of a real relationship. Preparing ahead of time can make all the difference.
These steps bring you closer to securing your Green Card, but the process can be confusing. You’re not alone if you’re still unsure about specific requirements or worried about delays. Knowing the answers to common questions can help you feel more prepared and avoid mistakes.
What Common Questions About Green Cards?
Applying for a Green Card can be stressful, especially for couples going through the process for the first time. Understanding common challenges and solutions can help you feel more prepared. Below are answers to some frequently asked questions.
Do We Have To Live Together To Qualify?
Most people expect married couples to live together, but that’s not always true. Living apart doesn’t mean your marriage is any less authentic. If you can prove a committed relationship with strong evidence, USCIS will still consider your application.
Can I Work While My Application Is Pending?
Yes. If applying for Adjustment of Status, you can request a work permit while waiting for your Green Card. It allows you to legally work in the U.S. while processing your case.
What If We Receive A Request For More Evidence?
USCIS may ask for more proof if your initial submission isn’t strong enough. You must respond by the deadline with additional documents that support your case. A lawyer can help gather the proper evidence and ensure your response strengthens your application.
Understanding the green card process can make it easier to avoid mistakes and delays. Even with the proper preparation, challenges may still arise along the way. Legal guidance can help you confidently move forward when questions or obstacles arise.
How Does Lincoln-Goldfinch Law Support Couples?
Building a life together shouldn’t be complicated by immigration hurdles. At Lincoln-Goldfinch Law, we guide couples through the marriage-based green card process with personalized attention. From preparing paperwork to gathering strong evidence of your relationship, we help you avoid mistakes that can lead to delays or denials.
This process can feel stressful since your future together depends on it. Therefore, our team helps you prepare for interviews, respond to requests for evidence, and address legal concerns that could affect your application. Your goal is to stay together, and our goal is to make that possible.
Summary
Applying for a marriage-based green card takes time and careful planning. Spouses of U.S. citizens often get approved faster, while spouses of green card holders may wait longer. Strong evidence of a real relationship, accurate paperwork, and proper interview preparation help avoid delays.
Each step, from medical exams to biometrics, is vital for success. Legal guidance can help keep everything on track and prevent mistakes. Lincoln-Goldfinch Law can support couples seeking a smooth path to approval.